Start with a real moment.
You are planning a picnic. “If it rains, we’ll eat inside” treats rain as a real possibility. “If we had a bigger house, we’d invite everyone” imagines a different present situation. The choice signals your view of the situation, not just when the event happens.
See how the sentence works.
If + present simple, will + base verb
Read the sentence as one idea, then notice the job each part does.
Understand the choices.
A common first conditional uses if + present simple and will + base verb: “If you send the draft, I’ll review it.” The if-clause refers to the future, even though the verb is present simple. Other result forms, including can or an imperative, are also possible.
A common second conditional uses if + past simple and would + base verb: “If I lived closer, I would walk.” The past form marks distance from reality here, rather than past time. If I were you is a useful conventional form for giving advice.
If the condition comes first, normally put a comma after it. If it comes second, a comma is usually unnecessary. Do not mechanically use will or would inside the if-clause of these basic patterns; special uses expressing willingness exist, but they are not the starting rule.
Useful sentences, in context.
If the shop is open, I’ll buy some bread.
The speaker treats the shop being open as possible.
If I knew the answer, I’d tell you.
The speaker does not currently know the answer.
You can call me if you need help.
Can is a possible result-clause modal.
A small change makes a difference.
AvoidIf it will rain, we will stay home.
UseIf it rains, we will stay home.
For this ordinary future condition, use present simple after if.
A MOMENT TO PRACTISE
Your turn.
Choose an answer, then check the explanation. There is no timer and nothing to sign up for.
TAKE IT INTO YOUR DAY
Make it yours.
Write a realistic plan for tomorrow, then an imagined change to your current life. Explain to yourself why you chose the first or second conditional.
Further reading · British Council LearnEnglish
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